We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-
day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string …

The Λ CDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large
areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and …

ABSTRACT We introduce the Virgo Consortium's FLAMINGO suite of hydrodynamical
simulations for cosmology and galaxy cluster physics. To ensure the simulations are …

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be
ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded …

Horizon-scale images of black holes (BHs) and their shadows have opened an
unprecedented window onto tests of gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field …

We review the current status of Early Dark Energy (EDE) models proposed to resolve the
“Hubble tension”, the discrepancy between “direct” measurements of the current expansion …

The cosmological principle (CP)—the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and
homogeneous on large scales—underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is …

We present cosmological parameter constraints using maps from the last Planck data
release (PR4). In particular, we detail an upgraded version of the cosmic microwave …

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large
number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC …

Teleparallel gravity (TG) has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing
attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we give a comprehensive …