The focus in automatic speech recognition (ASR) research has gradually shifted from
isolated words to conversational speech. Consequently, the amount of pronunciation …

We survey the use of weighted finite-state transducers (WFSTs) in speech recognition. We
show that WFSTs provide a common and natural representation for hidden Markov models …

This chapter describes a general representation and algorithmic framework for speech
recognition based on weighted finite-state transducers. These transducers provide a …

Current-generation automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems model spoken discourse
as a quasi-linear sequence of words and phones. Because it is unusual for every phone …

This paper reviews the current understanding of acoustic–phonetic issues and the problems
arising when trying to recognize speech from non-native speakers. Conceptually, regional …

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically have a static dictionary of word
pronunciations for matching acoustic models to words. In this work, we argue that, in fact …

Most large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems in the past decade
have used a context-dependent (CD) phone as the fundamental acoustic unit. We present …

The notion that a word is composed of a sequence of phone segments, sometimes referred
to as 'beads on a string', has formed the basis of most speech recognition work for over 15 …

The explosion of generative artificial intelligence into the mainstream of society some twelve
months ago has seriously challenged learning and teaching practice. Since then, AI …

This paper addresses accent 1 issues in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
Cross-accent experiments show that the accent problem is very dominant in speech …