The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a
significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized …

Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer‐by‐layer sha** and
stacking of discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in the fabrication of …

Breast cancer is a disease encompassing a spectrum of molecular subtypes and clinical
presentations, each with distinct prognostic implications and treatment responses. Breast …

There are several interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that affect the
response of cancer cells to therapy. There are also a large number of cells and secretions in …

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an important non-invasive cancer treatment method.
Enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of photothermal agents (PTAs) and …

Immunotherapy is a new type of tumor treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, which can be used to manage and destroy tumor cells through activating or …

Defect engineering is an emerging technology for tailoring nanomaterials' characteristics
and catalytic performance in various applications. Recently, defect‐engineered …

Immune reactions are involved in both tumour and normal tissue in response to therapy.
Elevated secretion of certain chemokines, exosomes and cytokines triggers inflammation …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in the progression and
resistance of tumors to different anticancer drugs. TAMs can modulate the tumor …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer (OC) has much greater complexity
than previously understood. In response to aggressive pro-angiogenic stimulus, blood …