The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

The microbiota plays a fundamental role in the induction, education, and function of the host
immune system. In return, the host immune system has evolved multiple means by which to …

Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins were isolated and named over 50 years ago. They are
small (104 amino acids) and have a striking relationship to the acute phase response with …

In the mucosa, the immune system's T cells and B cells have position-specific phenotypes
and functions that are influenced by the microbiota. These cells play pivotal parts in the …

Lymphoid cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17 cytokines protect barrier tissues from
pathogenic microbes but are also prominent effectors of inflammation and autoimmune …

Intestinal Th17 cells are induced and accumulate in response to colonization with a
subgroup of intestinal microbes such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and certain …

RORγt+ Th17 cells are important for mucosal defenses but also contribute to autoimmune
disease. They accumulate in the intestine in response to microbiota and produce IL-17 …

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is, like C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein and can be
used as a diagnostic, prognostic or therapy follow-up marker for many diseases. Increases …

SAA is a major acute-phase protein produced in large quantity during APR. The rise of SAA
concentration in blood circulation during APR has been a clinical marker for active …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is featured by gastrointestinal inflammation and a
disease course with alternating recurrence and remission. The global burden caused by IBD …