The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA axis) is required for stress adaptation.
Activation of the HPA axis causes secretion of glucocorticoids, which act on multiple organ …

Stress in general, and early life stress in particular, has been associated with the
development of anxiety and mood disorders. The molecular, biological and psychological …

Regulation of stress reactivity is a fundamental priority of all organisms. Stress responses
are critical for survival, yet can also cause physical and psychological damage. This review …

We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression
and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro-and …

The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to
environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re-establishment and maintenance of …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

Appropriate regulatory control of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical stress axis is
essential to health and survival. The following review documents the principle extrinsic and …

Environmental stimuli that signal real or potential threats to homeostasis lead to
glucocorticoid secretion by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis …

The current study, in parallel experiments, evaluated the impact of chronic psychological
stress on physiological and behavioural measures, and on the activation status of microglia …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …