Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of
disorders characterized by early-onset, often severe epileptic seizures and EEG …

Daily dietary potassium (K+) intake may be as large as the extracellular K+ pool. To avoid
acute hyperkalemia, rapid removal of K+ from the extracellular space is essential. This is …

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the adult brain, and it exerts
its fast hyperpolarizing effect through activation of anion (predominantly Cl−)-permeant …

Sodium (Na) toxicity is one of the most formidable challenges for crop production world‐
wide. Nevertheless, despite decades of intensive research, the pathways of Na+ entry into …

Obligatory, coupled cotransport of Na+, K+, and Cl− by cell membranes has been reported
in nearly every animal cell type. This review examines the current status of our knowledge …

Fluid and HCO3− secretion is a vital function of all epithelia and is required for the survival of
the tissue. Aberrant fluid and HCO3− secretion is associated with many epithelial diseases …

Electrical signaling in neurons is based on the operation of plasmalemmal ion pumps and
carriers that establish transmembrane ion gradients, and on the operation of ion channels …

Electroneutral cation-Cl− cotransporters compose a family of solute carriers in which cation
(Na+ or K+) movement through the plasma membrane is always accompanied by Cl− in a 1 …

Potassium (K+) plays a number of important roles in plant growth and development. Over the
past few years, molecular approaches associated with electrophysiological analyses have …

GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain, but during early
postnatal development the elevated [Cl−] i in immature neocortical neurones causes GABAA …