Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its
more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver …

Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is
one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

Aberrant metabolism is a major hallmark of cancer. Abnormal cancer metabolism, such as
aerobic glycolysis and increased anabolic pathways, has important roles in tumorigenesis …

As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune
response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant …

Oncogenic signalling and metabolic alterations are interrelated in cancer cells. mTOR,
which is frequently activated in cancer, controls cell growth and metabolism. mTOR …