Owing to its ability to depict the pathologic features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in exquisite
detail, conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an established tool in …

One of the characteristic features of microglia is their rapid activation in response to injury,
inflammation, neurodegeneration, infection, and brain tumors. This review focuses on the …

Background In patients with multiple sclerosis, inflammatory brain lesions appear to arise
from autoimmune responses involving activated lymphocytes and monocytes. The …

Background: Measurements of the T 2 decay curve provide estimates of total water content
and myelin water fraction in white matter in-vivo, which may help in understanding the …

T2 weighting is particularly sensitive, but notoriously unspecific, to a wide range of brain
pathologies. However, careful measurement and analysis of the T2 decay curve from brain …

Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have had a major impact in the last 10-15 years in
understanding and managing multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes the current uses of …

A definitive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis cannot be made at presentation on patients with a
clinically isolated syndrome of the optic nerve, spinal cord or brainstem suggestive of …

Damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain has been suggested to be an
important factor in the pathogenesis of a range of neurological disorders, such as …

Background: One of the diagnostic imaging hallmarks of MS is the uptake of IV administered
contrast material in new lesions in the brain, signaling blood–brain barrier breakdown and …

Background: Stress has been considered a triggering factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) since
the description of the disease by Jean-Martin Charcot. Until our times, many published …