The development of buildings and other infrastructure in cities is viewed as a threat to local
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because natural habitat is replaced. However, there …

Anthropogenic light is ubiquitous in areas where humans are present and is showing a
progressive increase worldwide. This has far-reaching consequences for most species and …

Natural light cycles are being eroded over large areas of the globe by the direct emissions
and sky brightening that result from sources of artificial night-time light. This is predicted to …

The use of artificial lighting to illuminate the night has provided substantial benefits to
humankind. It has also disrupted natural daily, seasonal, and lunar light cycles as …

The study of urban birds has increased exponentially in the last century. A prior review of the
scientific literature up to the year 2000 found 100 research articles on urban birds, but in the …

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are often consequences of human activity;
however, the effects of EEDs are not limited to humans. A primary focus over the past∼ 30 …

Artificial lighting can alter individual behaviour, with often drastic and potentially negative
effects on biological rhythms, daily activity and reproduction. Whether this is caused by a …

The first comprehensive review of all aspects of the biology of moult, drawing information
from across the literature and in all birds, from penguins to passerines. Feathers are …

Alternation between day and night is a predictable environmental fluctuation that organisms
use to time their activities. Since the invention of artificial lighting, this predictability has been …

The stress systems are powerful mediators between the organism's systemic dynamic
equilibrium and changes in its environment beyond the level of anticipated fluctuations. Over …