Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, and their replication requires host cell functions.
Although the size, composition, complexity, and functions encoded by their genomes are …

Yellow dwarf viruses are the most economically important and widespread viruses of cereal
crops. Although they share common biological properties such as phloem limitation and …

INTRODUCTION The recruitment of the ribosome to a specific mRNA is a critical step in the
production of proteins in cells. In addition to a general recognition of the “cap” structure at …

The vast majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) initiate translation through a
canonical, cap-dependent mechanism requiring a free 5′ end and 5′ cap and several …

Viruses exploit the translation machinery of an infected cell to synthesize their proteins.
Therefore, viral mRNAs have to compete for ribosomes and translation factors with cellular …

In the absence of a 5′ cap, plant positive-strand RNA viruses have evolved a number of
different elements in their 3′ untranslated region (UTR) to attract initiation factors and/or …

Viral protein synthesis is completely dependent upon the host cell's translational machinery.
Canonical translation of host mRNAs depends on structural elements such as the 5′ cap …

Positive-strand RNA viruses are important human, animal and plant pathogens that are
defined by their single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes. In recent years, it has …

During unfavorable conditions (eg tumor hypoxia or viral infection), canonical, cap-
dependent mRNA translation is suppressed in human cells. Nonetheless, a subset of …

Translation initiation is a critical facet of gene expression with important impacts that
underlie cellular responses to stresses and environmental cues. Its dysregulation in many …