The flagellum and the injectisome are two of the most complex and fascinating bacterial
nanomachines. At their core, they share a type III secretion system (T3SS), a transmembrane …

Prokaryotic cells move through liquids or over moist surfaces by swimming, swarming,
gliding, twitching or floating. An impressive diversity of motility mechanisms has evolved in …

The bacterial flagellum is a reversible rotary motor powered by an electrochemical-potential
difference of specific ions across the cytoplasmic membrane. The H+-driven motor of …

Bacterial type III secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into
eukaryotic host cells. These secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary nano-machine, about 45 nm in diameter,
embedded in the bacterial cell envelope. It is powered by the flux of H+ or Na+ ions across …

The bacterial flagellum is one of nature's most amazing and well‐studied nanomachines. Its
cell‐wall‐anchored motor uses chemical energy to rotate a microns‐long filament and …

Although it is known that diverse bacterial flagellar motors produce different torques, the
mechanism underlying torque variation is unknown. To understand this difference better, we …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are bacterial membrane–embedded nanomachines
designed to export specifically targeted proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Secretion …

Cryo-electron tomography is a powerful technique that can faithfully image the native
cellular environment at nanometer resolution. Unlike many other imaging approaches, cryo …

Bacterial flagella are filamentous organelles that drive cell locomotion. They thrust cells in
liquids (swimming) or on surfaces (swarming) so that cells can move toward favorable …