Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for …

Ischemic stroke after cerebral artery occlusion is one of the major causes of chronic disability
worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) play a bidirectional role in ischemic stroke through information …

Inflammation and immune mechanisms are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of the
development, acute damage cascades, and chronic course after ischemic stroke …

Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as
tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector …

Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous
exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system …

Inflammation is currently considered a prime target for the development of new stroke
therapies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and then circulating …

The immune response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in stroke pathobiology
and outcome. While the immune response starts locally in occluded and hypoperfused …

Acute brain ischemia induces a local neuroinflammatory reaction and alters peripheral
immune homeostasis at the same time. Recent evidence has suggested a key role of the gut …

Recovery after stroke is a multicellular process encompassing neurons, resident immune
cells, and brain-invading cells. Stroke alters the gut microbiome, which in turn has …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become one of the leading causes of death in
the global population. The pathogenesis of CNS diseases is complicated, so it is important …