Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality
worldwide. Its complexity is influenced by various signal transduction networks that govern …

Persistent inflammation driven by cytokines such as type-one interferon (IFN-I) can cause
immunosuppression. We show that administration of the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor …

The PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway is the gold standard for cancer immunotherapy.
Therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1, such as nivolumab (Opdivo) and pembrolizumab …

Combination checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies has shown
promising efficacy in melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism in humans remains …

The understanding of the immune system has increased considerably in the past 30 years,
leading to the development of better therapies for cancer as well as immune-mediated …

Objective: The combination of epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
(EGFR-TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) leads to an increased incidence of …

T lymphocytes that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) often fail to function as
effective anti-cancer agents. Within the TME, cell-to-cell inhibitory interactions play …

Cytokines are proteins used by immune cells to communicate with each other and with cells
in their environment. The pleiotropic effects of cytokine networks are determined by which …

Recently, two back-to-back clinical trials research studies published in Science. Zak et al.
and Mathew et al. reported that combining these therapeutic approaches led to improved …

The balance between CD8+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor
microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) …