Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides.
While the 11 PDE subfamilies share common features, key differences confer signaling …

Mechanism-based therapy centred on the molecular understanding of disease-causing
pathways in a given patient is still the exception rather than the rule in medicine, even in …

Persistently unrepaired DNA damage has been identified as a causative factor for vascular
ageing. We have previously shown that a defect in the function or expression of the DNA …

Rationale: cAMP activation of PKA (protein kinase A) stimulates excitation-contraction (EC)
coupling, increasing cardiac contractility. This is clinically achieved by β-ARs (β-adrenergic …

Introduction Phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoform inhibitors have mechanical and electrical
effects on the heart. Inhibition of PDE‐1 enzymes is a novel strategy for treating heart failure …