This review is devoted to the main problems of experimental and theoretical investigations of
geoelectromagnetic waves in the frequency range from 0.1 to 5 Hz. These waves constitute …

Ultra-low frequency (ULF; approx. 1 mHz≤ f≤ 10 Hz) MHD plasma waves are readily
recorded throughout the Earth's magnetosphere and on the ground. Generated by a variety …

This paper focuses on the modeling of local acceleration and loss processes in the outer
radiation belt. We begin by reviewing the statistical properties of waves that violate the first …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are transverse plasma waves generated by
anisotropic proton distributions with Tperp> Tpara. They are believed to play an important …

The relationship between sudden impulses and enhancements or onset of Pc 1 at high‐
latitude ground stations is well established. It has been proposed that increased hot proton …

Although most studies of the effects of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on
Earth's outer radiation belt have focused on events in the afternoon sector in the outer …

Major geomagnetic storms are caused by unusually intense solar wind southward magnetic
fields that im**e upon the Earth's magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961). How can we predict the …

It has generally been assumed in the past that the plasmapause is a preferred region for the
generation and propagation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been suggested to be a cause of radiation
belt electron loss to the atmosphere. Here simultaneous, magnetically conjugate …

We statistically examine the occurrence rate of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves
observed by Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers/Charge Composition Explorer …