The ubiquity of consistent inter-individual differences in behavior (" animal personalities")[1,
2] suggests that they might play a fundamental role in driving the movements and …

It is well established that parasites can have profound effects on the behaviour of host
organisms, and that individual differences in behaviour can influence susceptibility to …

It is well established that animals often differ consistently from one another in their
behaviour. Most work has focused on consistent differences in average behaviour, generally …

Animal groups vary in their collective order (or state), forming disordered swarms to highly
polarized groups. One explanation for this variation is that individuals face differential …

Determining digestive enzyme activity is of potential interest to obtain and understand
valuable information about fish digestive physiology, since digestion is an elementary …

Parasites can be a major cause of natural selection on hosts, which consequently evolve a
variety of strategies to avoid, eliminate, or tolerate infection. When ecologically similar host …

Animal personalities are an important factor that affects the dispersal of animals. In the
context of aquatic species, dispersal modeling needs to consider that most freshwater …

The risk of predation is an important driver that tailors life histories in various ways. Using an
evolutionary model based on hormonal control, we study how different predation regimes …

Animal individuality is proposed to describe individual differences in behavior. Individuals
may exhibit consistent differences in behavioral traits within a population, and these traits …

Tramadol is a widely used analgesic with additional antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
This compound has been reported in continental waters reaching concentrations of µg/L as …