Proteoglycans are a heterogeneous class of proteins bearing sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
Some of the proteoglycans have distinct core protein structures, and others display …

Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are low molecular weight proteins with closely related
structures. They are mainly composed of two domains held by disulfide bridges, and there …

Written by more than 400 subject experts representing diverse academic and applied
domains, this multidisciplinary resource surveys the vanguard of biomaterials and …

The midkine (MK) family consists of only two members, namely heparin-binding growth
factors MK and pleiotrophin (PTN). During embryogenesis, MK is highly expressed in the …

Syndecans are heparan sulphate proteoglycans consisting of a type I transmembrane core
protein modified by heparan sulphate and sometimes chondroitin sulphate chains. They are …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that arise from the mesenchyme
during development. They reside in the bone marrow close to hematopoietic stem cell …

A major area in regenerative medicine is the application of stem cells in bone reconstruction
and bone tissue engineering. This will require well‐defined and efficient protocols for …

Neointima formation is a common feature of atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon
angioplasty. To find a new target to suppress neointima formation, we investigated the …

Differentiated osteoblasts are polarized in regions of bone deposition, demonstrate
extensive cell interaction and communication, and are responsible for bone formation and …

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent mitogenic cytokine with a high affinity for the polysaccharide
glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Although it is most strongly associated with neural development …