Spurred by rich, multiwavelength observations and enabled by new simulations, ranging
from cosmological to subparsec scales, the past decade has seen major theoretical …

In a growing number of galaxy clusters diffuse extended radio sources have been found.
These sources are not directly associated with individual cluster galaxies. The radio …

The universe's biggest galaxies have both vast atmospheres and supermassive central
black holes. This article reviews how those two components of a large galaxy couple and …

Understanding the physical mechanisms that control galaxy formation is a fundamental
challenge in contemporary astrophysics. Recent advances in the field of astrophysical …

We review current understanding of the population of radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars
from an observational perspective, focusing on their large-scale structures and dynamics …

The total mass of a galaxy cluster is one of its most fundamental properties. Together with
the redshift, the mass links observation and theory, allowing us to use the cluster population …

Recent developments in frequency metrology and optical clocks have been based on
electronic transitions in atoms and singly charged ions as references. The control over all …

The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is the successor to the 2016 Hitomi
mission that ended prematurely. Like Hitomi, the primary science goals are to examine …

Lynx, one of the four strategic mission concepts under study for the 2020 Astrophysics
Decadal Survey, provides leaps in capability over previous and planned x-ray missions and …

The ASTRO-H mission was designed and developed through an international collaboration
of JAXA, NASA, ESA, and the CSA. It was successfully launched on February 17, 2016, and …