This study comprehensively evaluates monsoon variability and its large-scale drivers in
Pakistan, a country often affected by extreme monsoon events leading to destructive …

The effects of climate change are unparalleled in magnitude, ranging from changing
weather patterns that endanger food production to increasing sea levels that increase the …

The climate and ecosystem in the highland regions are fragile and vulnerable to climate
change. This study used ERA5, CRU, and CHIRPS at 0.5°× 0.5° resolution to assess …

Rising temperature has increased the frequency, severity, length, and timing of temperature
extremes around the globe. The current study examined the spatiotemporal variation of …

In recent decades, extreme events have caused greater damage to the ecosystem and
human livelihood. Therefore, assessing variation in such events and their causes is crucial …

Elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) has been a topic of intense debate due to limited
observed data in global highland areas. This study aims to fill this gap by utilizing CRU and …

The increasing prevalence of warmer trends and climate extremes exacerbate the
population's exposure to urban settlements. This work investigated population exposure …

Understanding the relationship between vegetation and climatic drivers is essential for
assessing terrestrial ecosystem patterns and managing future vegetation dynamics. This …

In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and
human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations …

Monsoon and its teleconnection with earth system internal processes affect the
spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation and water resources. In this paper, the wavelet …