Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Native mass spectrometry (MS) involves the analysis and characterization of
macromolecules, predominantly intact proteins and protein complexes, whereby as much as …

In mammals, erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney, is essential for bone marrow
erythropoiesis, and hypoxia induction of EPO production provides for the important …

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to
the brain. Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical …

The majority of protein-based biopharmaceuticals approved or in clinical trials bear some
form of post-translational modification (PTM), which can profoundly affect protein properties …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone well documented for its
erythropoietic role via binding the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR) 2. In past decades …

The ability to sense and respond to changes in oxygenation represents a fundamental
property of all metazoan cells. The discovery of the transcription factor HIF-1 has led to the …

In the biopharmaceutical industry, mammalian cell culture systems, especially Chinese
hamster ovary (CHO) cells, are predominantly used for the production of therapeutic …

Adaptation is one of physiology's fundamental tenets, operating not only at the level of
species, as Darwin proposed, but also at the level of tissues, cells, molecules and, perhaps …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through
interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype–selective ligands …