We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

The concept of feedback is key in assessing whether a perturbation to a system is amplified
or damped by mechanisms internal to the system. In polar regions, climate dynamics are …

Marine low clouds strongly cool the planet. How this cooling effect will respond to climate
change is a leading source of uncertainty in climate sensitivity, the planetary warming …

Global warming drives changes in Earth's cloud cover, which, in turn, may amplify or
dampen climate change. This “cloud feedback” is the single most important cause of …

Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud
response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …

Despite global warming, a region in the North Atlantic ocean has been observed to cool, a
phenomenon known as the warming hole. Its emergence has been linked to a slowdown of …

The equilibrium climate sensitivity of Earth is defined as the global mean surface air
temperature increase that follows a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. For decades …

The response to warming of tropical low-level clouds including both marine stratocumulus
and trade cumulus is a major source of uncertainty in projections of future climate. Climate …

The primary objective of CFMIP is to inform future assessments of cloud feedbacks through
improved understanding of cloud–climate feedback mechanisms and better evaluation of …

We analyze the atmospheric processes that explain the large changes in radiative
feedbacks between the two latest climate configurations of the Hadley Centre Global …