The biological pump transports organic matter, created by phytoplankton productivity in the
well-lit surface ocean, to the ocean's dark interior, where it is consumed by animals and …

Abstract Microplastics (MPs,< 5 mm in diameter) have been widely recognized as a critical
environmental issue due to their extensive use and low degradation rate. Based on current …

The ocean's biological carbon pump transfers carbon from the surface ocean to the deep
ocean by several distinct pathways, including gravitational settling of organic particles …

The ocean's ability to sequester carbon away from the atmosphere exerts an important
control on global climate. The biological pump drives carbon storage in the deep ocean and …

Understanding the nature of organic matter flux in the ocean remains a major goal of
oceanography because it impacts some of the most important processes in the ocean …

Microplastics are tiny ubiquitous plastic particles present in marine environments. They are
not an individual entity, but constitute a cocktail of polymers and additives that can absorb …

The transfer of organic carbon from the upper to the deep ocean by particulate export flux is
the starting point for the long-term storage of photosynthetically fixed carbon. This 'biological …

Marine microscopic plastic (microplastic) debris is a modern societal issue, illustrating the
challenge of balancing the convenience of plastic in daily life with the prospect of causing …

Background Marine microalgae (phytoplankton) mediate almost half of the worldwide
photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation and therefore play a pivotal role in global carbon …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …