Benchmarking and monitoring of urban design and transport features is crucial to achieving
local and international health and sustainability goals. However, most urban indicator …

An essential characteristic of a healthy and sustainable city is a physically active population.
Effective policies for healthy and sustainable cities require evidence-informed quantitative …

This Series on urban design, transport, and health aimed to facilitate development of a
global system of health-related policy and spatial indicators to assess achievements and …

Executive summary Deep, rapid cuts in greenhouse gas emissions are needed to limit future
global temperature increases to 1· 5 C above pre-industrial levels, but current progress is …

Urban green and blue spaces (UGBS) have the potential to improve public health and
wellbeing, address health inequities, and provide co-benefits for the environment, economy …

Background The world is becoming increasingly urbanised. As cities around the world
continue to grow, it is important for urban planners and policy makers to understand how …

The canopy layer urban heat island (UHI) effect, as manifested by elevated near-surface air
temperatures in urban areas, exposes urban dwellers to additional heat stress in many …

Urban environments contribute substantially to the rising burden of cardiometabolic
diseases worldwide. Cities are complex adaptive systems that continually exchange …

Built environment characteristics and related environmental exposures and behaviors have
been, separately, implicated in the development of poor mental health. However, it is …

Background Environmental risks accumulate in cities, including polluted air and health
disparities, but these risks can be reduced through scientific city planning. The purpose of …