Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end
organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease …

Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS)
formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are …

The transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes is an essential function of all
living organisms. The processes are usually mediated by specific transporters. One of the …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals without biological function, and its
accumulation in living organisms has been reported. The kidney is a target organ in Cd …

At the cellular level, cadmium (Cd) induces both damaging and repair processes in which
the cellular redox status plays a crucial role. Being not redox-active, Cd is unable to …

Abstract P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump encoded by the MDR1
gene in humans, known to mediate multidrug resistance of neoplastic cells to cancer …

It has been established that oxidative stress, defined as the condition in which the sum of
free radicals in a cell exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cell, contributes to the …

The use of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus led to major advances in
the field of transplantation, with excellent short-term outcome. However, the chronic …

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to be a widespread environmental contaminant
and a potential toxin that may adversely affect human health. Exposure is largely via the …

Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is widely used in industry, affecting human health through
occupational and environmental exposure. In mammals, it exerts multiple toxic effects and …