Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive
changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and …

Powerful associations that link drugs of abuse with cues in the drug-paired environment
often serve as prepotent relapse triggers. Drug-associated contexts and cues activate …

Opioid exposure is known to cause transcriptomic changes in the nucleus accumbens
(NAc). However, no studies to date have investigated cell type-specific transcriptomic …

Opioid exposure and withdrawal both cause adaptations in brain circuits that may contribute
to abuse liability. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different …

Background Opioid discontinuation generates a withdrawal syndrome marked by increased
negative affect. Increased symptoms of anxiety and dysphoria during opioid discontinuation …

This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Clinical evidence suggests that there are correlations between activity within the anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC) following re-exposure to drug-associated contexts and drug craving …

Striatal projection neurons (SPNs) are traditionally segregated into two subpopulations
expressing dopamine (DA) D1-like or D2-like receptors. However, this dichotomy is …

Besides having high potency and efficacy at the µ-opioid (MOR) and other opioid receptor
types, fentanyl has some affinity for some adrenergic receptor types, which may underlie its …