Opioid use disorder is classified as a chronic recurrent disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) which leads to personality disorders, co-morbidities and premature death. It …

Pain management is the specialized medical practice of modulating pain perception and
thus easing the suffering and improving the life quality of individuals suffering from painful …

About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have
neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits …

Hydrocodone (HYD) is one of the most widely prescribed opioid analgesic drugs. Several
neurotransmitters are involved in opioids relapse. Among these neurotransmitters …

This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 …

Evidence has suggested that addiction and memory systems are related, but the signaling
cascades underlying this interaction have not been completelyealed yet. The importance of …

Background Accumulating evidence suggest that behavioral sensitization is involved in the
process of drug addiction. Zebrafish are sensitive to a variety of addictive drugs and are thus …

Chronic exposure to opioids induces adaptation of glutamate neurotransmission, which
plays a crucial role in addiction. Our previous studies revealed that agmatine attenuates …

Repeated, intermittent exposure to drugs of abuse, such as morphine results in response
enhancements to subsequent drug treatments, a phenomenon referred to as behavioral …

Rationale Opiate exposure for longer duration develops state of dependence in humans and
animals, which is revealed by signs and symptoms of withdrawal precipitated by opioid …