Ontology and knowledge-based systems typically provide e-learning recommender systems.
However, ontology use in such systems is not well studied in systematic detail. Therefore …

In this paper, we present the current state of the art of using conversational agents for
educational purposes. These so-called pedagogical conversational agents are a …

Existing e-assessment tools may not be a panacea to address all assessment situations, as
students might find the traditional pen-and-paper approach to provide their answers more …

As educational organizations face difficulties in providing personalized learning material or
individual learning support., pedagogical conversational agents (PCAs) promise …

Adaptive systems refer to autonomous interactive systems that adjust their behavior and
functionality to environmental changes. In e-learning context, adaptive e-learning systems …

Intelligent agents designed to work in complex, dynamic environments such as e-commerce
must respond robustly and flexibly to environmental and circumstantial changes, including …

In recent years, instructional systems for individuals and teams, including virtual
environments, serious games, simulator-based training and on-the-job/live training, have …