Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

One of the primary causes of attenuated or loss of efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is the
emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Numerous studies have been published …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Autophagy is an important cellular self-digestion and recycling pathway that helps in
maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation at various steps of the autophagic and …

Although survival outcomes of cancer patients have been improved dramatically via
conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy over the last decades, there are still some …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide. Tomentosin is an active compound isolated from the I. viscosa plant that has …

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is responsible for the
regulation of a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological …

Background Particulate matter (PM) is a high risk factor for various respiratory diseases and
triggers an inflammatory response in lung tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the …

Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain
injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors. The
metabolic reprogramming of tumors is not only related to the characteristics of cancer cells …