In spite of many decades of intensive research on Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick of
Europe, several important aspects of its basic biology remain elusive, such as the factors …

Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the Northern Hemisphere and is
the causative agent of Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD). Borrelia miyamotoi is vectored by …

Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is currently regarded as a single species.
However, molecular studies indicate that it can be subdivided into ecotypes, each with …

Abstract Background In Europe, the generalist tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the main vector of
several tick-borne pathogens causing diseases in humans and livestock. Understanding …

In Europe, free-ranging wildlife has been linked to the emergence of several vector-borne
diseases such as rodents for Borrelia burgdorferi sl In particular, wild carnivorans are one of …

Abstract Background Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) are a major threat to humans,
livestock and companion animals worldwide. The combined effect of climatic …

Ticks transmit numerous pathogens to animals including humans; therefore, they are
parasites of health concern. Soft ticks infesting domestic fowl in Pakistan are carriers of …

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick‐borne pathogen that has been detected in many tick
and vertebrate species. It is among the most widespread tick‐borne pathogens in animals in …

Human babesiosis in Europe has been attributed to infection with Babesia divergens and, to
a lesser extent, with Babesia venatorum and Babesia microti, which are all transmitted to …

Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. It
is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal …