P4-ATPases comprise a family of P-type ATPases that actively transport or flip phospholipids
across cell membranes. This generates and maintains membrane lipid asymmetry, a …

Ionized calcium (Ca 2÷) is the most common signal transduction element in cells ranging
from bacteria to specialized neurons. Unlike many other second-messenger mo! ecules, Ca …

Recent studies suggest that the fly uses the inositol lipid signaling system for visual
excitation and that the Drosophila transient receptor potential (trp) mutation disrupts this …

How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle?
What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of …

Mammalian skeletal muscle shows an enormous variability in its functional features such as
rate of force production, resistance to fatigue, and energy metabolism, with a wide spectrum …

Calcium ATPase is a member of the P-type ATPases that transport ions across the
membrane against a concentration gradient. Here we have solved the crystal structure of the …

New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic
biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical thermody namics are well …

Ca2+-ATPases (pumps) are key actors in the regulation of Ca2+ in eukaryotic cells and are
thus essential to the correct functioning of the cell machinery. They have high affinity for …

The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) is a pump that
transports calcium ions from the cytoplasm into the SR. It is present in both animal and plant …

P-type ATPases constitute a large ancient super-family of primary active pumps that have
diverse substrate specificities ranging from H+ to phospholipids. The significance of these …