Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological
processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other …

The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen,
livelihoods, blue spaces, and medicines. The global threat to these resources posed by …

Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a
consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss …

Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their
environment as well as interactions with other species. Humans are rapidly changing the …

Commercial seaweed cultivation has undergone drastic changes to keep up with the
increasing demand in terms of the quantity and quality of the algal biomass needed to meet …

Kelp forests dominated by species of Laminariales are globally recognized as key habitats
on subtidal temperate rocky reefs. Forests characterized by fucalean seaweed, in contrast …

The stunting effect of ocean acidification on development of calcifying invertebrate larvae
has emerged as a significant effect of global change. We assessed the arm growth response …

Plankton communities account for at least half of global primary production and play a key
role in the global carbon cycle. Warming and acidification may alter the interaction chains in …

Warming and acidification are expected impacts of climate change to the marine
environment. Besides, organisms that live in coastal areas, such as bivalves, can also be …

Marine ecosystems are increasingly impacted by global environmental changes, including
warming temperatures, deoxygenation, and ocean acidification. Marine scientists recognize …