Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by, so far, unknown
pathogenetic mechanisms. There is no doubt that pro-inflammatory immune-mediated …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …

Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease (PD)
have been increasingly reported. Dysbiosis in the composition and abundance of gut …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

The CNS is endowed with an elaborated response repertoire termed'neuroinflammation',
which enables it to cope with pathogens, toxins, traumata and degeneration. On the basis of …

The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, co**, and recovery processes. Within the
brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the …

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal barrier impairment is incriminated in the
pathophysiology of intestinal gut disorders associated with psychiatric comorbidity …

Stress is a common occurrence in everyday life and repeated or traumatic stress can be a
precipitating factor for illnesses of the central nervous system, as well as peripheral organ …

The brain is the key organ of stress processes. It determines what individuals will experience
as stressful, it orchestrates how individuals will cope with stressful experiences, and it …

The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the
causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that …