Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, and one of the most
prevalent worldwide. Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorders (CKD–MBD) with …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

Importance Baseline findings from the China Dialysis Calcification Study (CDCS) revealed a
high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) among patients with end-stage kidney …

In the past 30 years there have been major improvements in the care of children with chronic
kidney disease (CKD). However, most of the available epidemiological data stem from end …

The kidneys and heart share functions with the common goal of maintaining homeostasis.
When kidney injury occurs, many compounds, the so-called “uremic retention solutes” or …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period
when the disease is clinically silent and therefore diagnosis, evaluation and treatment is …

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates phosphorus metabolism and is a strong
predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. FGF23 is thought to be an early biomarker of …

Context A high level of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-
23) is associated with mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, but little is known …

Calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) homeostasis are coordinated by systemic and local
factors that regulate intestinal absorption, influx and efflux from bone, and kidney excretion …

The kidneys play a pivotal role in the regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance. With
progressive loss of kidney function, derangements in electrolytes and acid-base inevitably …