Polyploidy has been hypothesized to be both an evolutionary dead-end and a source for
evolutionary innovation and species diversification. Although polyploid organisms …

Polyploidy, or the duplication of entire genomes, has been observed in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms, and in somatic and germ cells. The consequences of polyploidization …

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species, of great diversity and
have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One …

Gene duplications have long been recognized as a contributor to the evolution of genes with
new functions. Multiple copies of genes can result from tandem duplication, from …

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from
an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and …

Ferns are the closest sister group to all seed plants, yet little is known about their genomes
other than that they are generally colossal. Here, we report on the genomes of Azolla …

Ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes
have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. These duplicates …

The recent increase in genomic data is revealing an unexpected perspective of gene loss as
a pervasive source of genetic variation that can cause adaptive phenotypic diversity. This …

Ancient whole-genome duplications (WGDs or polyploidy) are prevalent in plants, and some
WGDs occurred during the timing of severe global environmental changes. It has been …

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events have shaped the history of many evolutionary
lineages. One such duplication has been implicated in the evolution of teleost fishes, by far …