Since the establishment of the first global refinery in 1856, crude oil has remained one of the
most lucrative natural resources worldwide. However, during the extraction process from …

As the global oil market continues to tighten, there is an increasing focus on enhancing oil
recovery. However, enhanced oil recovery technologies require the addition of chemical …

Thermal oil recovery techniques allow the commercial production of heavy and extra-heavy
crude oil. However, these same techniques generate emulsions during the production and …

In the past four decades, many experimental studies have confirmed the systematic events
occurring at the so-called optimum formulation of surfactant–oil–water systems. At this …

This study aimed to develop an innovative water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion with soyasaponin
(Ssa) and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) as emulsifiers. The effects of the oil/water …

The application of microfibrillated cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to obtain
heavy crude oil emulsions in water has been considered. First of all, the optimal …

The petroleum industry is in demand of effective techniques for breaking stable emulsions.
In order to develop a low-cost, green and effective demulsifier, fly ash taken from the local …

The presence of emulsified water in heavy crude oils invariably causes processing problems
and financial costs associated with an increased energy input required to handle highly …

The oil and gas industry generates large amounts of oil-derived effluents such as Heavy
Crude Oil (HCO) in water (W) emulsions, which pose a significant remediation and recovery …

The coalescence and separation of surfactant stabilized water-in-oil emulsion was an
important process in the chemical industry but the conventional thermo-chemical …