Endospores of Bacillus spp., especially Bacillus subtilis, have served as experimental
models for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the incredible longevity of …

Stratospheric ozone levels are near their lowest point since measurements began, so
current ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation levels are thought to be close to their maximum. Total …

Recent laboratory studies suggest that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation rates are
higher than assumed in current models. There is also evidence that SOA removal by dry and …

Since 1981, broad-band measurements have been made at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
(3576 m above sea-level (asl)) and Innsbruck, Austria (577 m asl), where daily totals of …

Melanoma spreads through metastasis, and therefore, it has been proved to be very fatal.
Statistical evidence has revealed that the majority of deaths resulting from skin cancer are as …

Stratospheric ozone reduction is occurring and will continue to increase in magnitude into
the next century. Yet, the consequences for terrestrial ecosystems of the increased solar UV …

Daily global maps of monthly integrated UV‐erythemal irradiance (290–400 nm) at the
Earth's surface are estimated using the ozone amount, cloud transmittance, aerosol …

This study examined the ability of kelp phlorotannin exudate to attenuate artificial UVB
radiation and whether exposure to UV could affect short-term phlorotannin levels within …

The algorithm for determining spectral UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) flux in
cloud‐free conditions is discussed, including estimates of the various error sources …

Zonal average ultraviolet irradiance (flux ultraviolet, FUV) reaching the Earth's surface has
significantly increased since 1979 at all latitudes except the equatorial zone. Changes are …