The generation of variation is paramount for the action of natural selection. Although
biologists are now moving beyond the idea that random mutation provides the sole source of …

Over the past half century, the field of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, or Evo‐devo,
has integrated diverse fields of biology into a more synthetic understanding of morphological …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Human activity is drastically altering the habitat use of natural populations. This has been
documented as a driver of phenotypic divergence in a number of wild animal populations …

Background Adaptive radiations are characterized by extreme and/or iterative phenotypic
divergence; however, such variation does not accumulate evenly across an organism …

Simple Summary In aquatic ecology research studies commonly employ a tagging
technique named visible implant elastomer (VIE). Despite existing widespread guidance on …

Zebrafish are a valuable model for normal vertebrate skeletogenesis and the study of myriad
bone disorders. Bones grow, ossify and change shape throughout the zebrafish lifetime, and …

Mosaic evolution refers to the pattern whereby different organismal traits exhibit differential
rates of evolution typically due to reduced levels of trait covariation through deep time (ie …

Biological variation is often considered in a scalable hierarchy, eg, within the individual,
within the populations, above the species level. Morphological integration, the concept of …

Background The skull of placental mammals constitutes one of the best studied systems for
phenotypic modularity. Several studies have found strong evidence for the conserved …