Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the
climate through its transport of heat in the North Atlantic Ocean. Decadal changes in the …

Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided,
including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)—one of Earth's major
ocean circulation systems—redistributes heat on our planet and has a major impact on …

In climate model simulations of future climate change, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC) is projected to decline. However, the impacts of this decline, relative to …

Extreme events such as heat waves and cold spells, droughts, heavy rain, and storms are
particularly challenging to predict accurately due to their rarity and chaotic nature, and …

We present an unprecedented set of high‐resolution climate simulations, consisting of a 500‐
year pre‐industrial control simulation and a 250‐year historical and future climate simulation …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate
event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high …