Brine, in the form of seawater, salt lakes and geothermal water, holds massive amounts of
valuable minerals. Among the variety of metallic and non-metallic elements that are …

Lithium is the principal component of high-energy-density batteries and is a critical material
necessary for the economy and security of the United States. Brines from geothermal power …

The market for electromobility has grown constantly in the last years. To ensure a future
supply of raw materials for the production of new batteries for electric vehicles, it is essential …

Lithium-ion batteries have become a crucial part of the energy supply chain for
transportation (in electric vehicles) and renewable energy storage systems. Recycling is …

Batteries have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from on-road
transportation. However, environmental and social impacts of producing lithium-ion …

The market for electric vehicles (EVs) has grown exponentially over the past decade, largely
driven by ambitious sales targets in regions around the world. At end-of-life (EoL), these …

Life cycle analyses (LCAs) were conducted for battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3)
and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH• H 2 O) produced from Chilean brines (Salar de …

Electric mobility is emerging all around the world to minimize environmental impacts, reduce
dependency on petroleum, and diversify energy sources for transportation. Any emerging …

The rapidly growing demand for lithium has resulted in a sharp increase in its price. This is
due to the ubiquitous use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale energy and …

This paper reviews the challenges faced by the global automotive industry as it transitions
towards decarbonization. The article presents a comprehensive survey of hybrid, battery …