Oxygen, which supports all aerobic life, is produced by photosynthetic water oxidation in
plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The water-oxidation reaction probably first appeared in …

Striving for new solar fuels, the water oxidation reaction currently is considered to be a
bottleneck, hampering progress in the development of applicable technologies for the …

Photosystem II is the site of photosynthetic water oxidation and contains 20 subunits with a
total molecular mass of 350 kDa. The structure of photosystem II has been reported at …

Photosynthesis uses light energy to drive the oxidation of water at an oxygen-evolving
catalytic site within photosystem II (PSII). We report the structure of PSII of the …

Life on earth is almost entirely solar-powered. We can get some idea of the enormous
quantity of energy received from the sun by noting that during daylight hours, the sun …

Photosystem II (PSII) uses light energy to split water into chemical products that power the
planet. The stripped protons contribute to a membrane electrochemical potential before …

Hydrogen is the most promising fuel of the future owing to its carbon-free, high-energy
content and potential to be efficiently converted into either electrical or thermal energy. The …

The oxidation of water to dioxygen is catalyzed within photosystem II (PSII) by a Mn4Ca
cluster, the structure of which remains elusive. Polarized extended x-ray absorption fine …

X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the damage caused by exposure to x-
rays to the Mn4Ca active site in single crystals of photosystem II as a function of dose and …

A tetramanganese cluster (Mn4) resides at the active site of photosystem II (PSII) in green
plants and in certain bacteria and algae. It catalyzes the light-driven water oxidation reaction …