Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Research on the psychology of learning has highlighted straightforward ways of enhancing
learning. However, effective learning strategies are underused by learners. In this Review …

John Dewey was a pragmatist, progressivist, educator, philosopher, and social reformer
(Gutek, 2014). Dewey's various roles greatly impacted education and he was perhaps one of …

The testing effect is a well-known concept referring to gains in learning and retention that
can occur when students take a practice test on studied material before taking a final test on …

Flipped classrooms refer to the practice of assigning lectures outside of class and devoting
class time to a variety of learning activities. In this review, we discuss the range of …

Metacognition is an essential skill in critical thinking and self-regulated, lifelong learning. It is
important for learners to have skills in metacognition because they are used to monitor and …

Many students are being left behind by an educational system that some people believe is in
crisis. Improving educational outcomes will require efforts on many fronts, but a central …

The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily
life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that …

The primary goal of instruction should be to facilitate long-term learning—that is, to create
relatively permanent changes in comprehension, understanding, and skills of the types that …

Knowing how to manage one's own learning has become increasingly important in recent
years, as both the need and the opportunities for individuals to learn on their own outside of …