The proper organization of cells and tissues is essential for their functionalization in living
organisms. To create materials that mimic natural structures, researchers have developed …

Although liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have demonstrated various applications in
artificial muscles and soft robotics, their inherent flexibility and orientation‐dependent forces …

Human‐like and creature‐like systems are one of the most representative imaginary
blueprints of future robots. To fulfill this blueprint, the development of high‐performance …

Miniature magnetic-driven robots with multimode motions and high-precision pose sensing
capacity (position and orientation) are greatly demanded in in situ manipulation in narrow …

Hydrogel actuators with complex 3D initial shapes show numerous important applications,
but it remains challenging to fabricate such actuators. This article describes a polyelectrolyte …

Shape change materials or actuators that are capable of shrinking, bending or rotation
under external stimuli (especially, by electricity), have attracted tremendous research …

An active heterostructure with smart‐response material used as “muscle” and inactive
material as “skeleton” can deform over time to respond to external stimuli. 4D printing …

Although significant progress has been made in coaxial printing of vascularized tissue
models, this technique has not yet been used to fabricate stimulus‐responsive scaffolds …

Hydrogels are an ideal material to develop soft robots. However, it remains a grand
challenge to develop miniaturized hydrogel robots with mechanical robustness, rapid …

In this paper, a rope-driven linkage frog swimming robot is constructed in accordance with
the delicate structure of the frog swimming mode. First, a rope-driven linkage limb propulsion …