Abstract The World Health Organization estimates 3.7 million deaths in 2012 in low-and
middle-income Asian countries due to outdoor air pollution. However, these estimates do not …

Commuting is considered as one of the high-exposure periods among various daily
activities, especially in high vehicle-density metropolitan areas. There is a growing …

Emerging evidence suggests that short episodes of high exposure to air pollution occur
while commuting. These events can result in potentially adverse health effects. We present a …

Daily commutes may contribute disproportionately to overall daily inhalations of urban air
contaminants. Understanding factors that explain variability of exposures during travel, and …

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have drawn attention to the adverse effects of ambient air
pollutants such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2. 5) on human health. We evaluated the …

Benzene has been measured throughout the environment and is commonly emitted in
several industrial and transportation settings leading to widespread environmental and …

Recent studies have suggested that exposures during traffic participation may be associated
with adverse health effects. Traffic participation involves relatively short but high exposures …

Bicycling as a mode of transportation is enjoying a boost in many urban areas around the
world. Although there are clear health benefits of increased physical activity while bicycling …

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that commuting in traffic is associated
with adverse health effects. It is vital to investigate commuters' exposure to traffic-related air …

Abstract PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations were measured simultaneously indoors and
outdoors for ten different city centre buildings (shops and offices) in Dublin, Ireland. Outdoor …