Similarities and differences in the associations of biological entities among species can
provide us with a better understanding of evolutionary relationships. Often the evolution of …

Classically, phenotype is what is observed, and genotype is the genetic makeup. Statistical
studies aim to project phenotypic likelihoods of genotypic patterns. The traditional genotype …

Fe, an essential element for plants to sustain central biological functions, recently emerged
as a modulator of immunity. However, our understanding of the crosstalk between Fe and …

Link prediction refers to predicting the likelihood of the existence of an unknown link or a
future link based on the observed information. It plays an important role in complex network …

Link prediction plays a predominant role in complex network analysis. It indicates to
determine the probability of the presence of future links that depends on available …

Multiple mutations often have non-additive (epistatic) phenotypic effects. Epistasis is of
fundamental biological relevance but is not well understood mechanistically. Adaptive …

Dense surface glycosylation on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein acts as a shield from the
adaptive immune system. However, the molecular complexity and flexibility of glycans make …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the first lines of defense against pathogens and are
crucial for triggering an appropriate immune response. Among TLRs, TLR2 is functional in …

Viral proteins frequently mutate to evade or antagonize host innate immune responses, yet
the impact of these mutations on the molecular energy landscape remains unclear …

Fe, an essential element for plants to sustain central biological functions, recently emerged
as a modulator of immunity. However, our understanding of the crosstalk between Fe and …