The southeastern United States is characterized as humid subtropical and is subject to
extended periods of high ambient temperature and relative humidity. Because the primary …

Hot weather causes heat stress in dairy cattle. Although effects are more severe in hot
climates, dairy cattle in areas with relatively moderate climates also are exposed to periods …

Economic losses are incurred by the US livestock industries because farm animals are
raised in locations and seasons where effective temperature conditions venture outside their …

Despite many challenges faced by animal producers, including environmental problems,
diseases, economic pressure, and feed availability, it is still predicted that animal production …

Heat stress may adversely affect physiochemical and immune responses of livestock and
alter biological functions. The comfort or thermoneutral zone for livestock, which has long …

The adaptive capabilities of animals and livestock production systems have been
emphasized in this report. Biometeorology has a key role in rational management to meet …

Simple Summary The severity of heat stress issues on dairy cows will increase as global
warming progresses. Fortunately, major advances in environmental management, including …

Simple Summary Heat stress (HS) is a complex phenomenon which triggers a variety of
animal response mechanisms that have negative impact on livestock welfare and their …

Heat stress is one of the main threats to dairy cow production; in order to resist heat stress,
the animal exhibits a variety of physiological and hormonal responses driven by complex …

Individual precision-cooling systems are intended to cool individual cows according to their
specific cooling needs. Now, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and …