The history of vitamin A goes back over one hundred years, but our realization of its
importance for the brain and cognition is much more recent. The brain is more efficient than …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by
photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in …

Spinal cord regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult challenge due to
the complicated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage at the injury sites. In …

The last two decades have witnessed substantial advances in identifying synaptic plasticity
responsible for behavioral changes in animal models of substance use disorder. We have …

Brain development, sensory information processing, and learning and memory processes
depend on Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, and on the remodeling and pruning of …

Almost fifty years after its first introduction into clinical care, clozapine remains the only
evidence-based pharmacological option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which …

Since it was first described almost 30 years ago, homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) has
been hypothesized to play a key role in maintaining neuronal circuit function in both …

Experience-dependent learning and memory require multiple forms of plasticity at
hippocampal and cortical synapses that are regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors …

A defining feature of the brain is the ability of its synaptic contacts to adapt structurally and
functionally in an experience-dependent manner. In the human cortex, however, direct …

The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of human neurological disorders with
heterogeneous etiologies. Hyperactivity of E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase UBE3A, stemming from …