Mitochondrial structures were probably observed microscopically in the 1840s, but the idea
of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria did not appear until the 1930s …

The role of lactic acid and its conjugate base, lactate, has evolved during the past decade in
the care of patients in the emergency department (ED). A recent national sepsis quality …

Objective To determine, in the early stages of suspected clinically significant infection, the
independent relationship of the presenting venous lactate level to 28-day in-hospital …

BACKGROUND Initial serum lactate has been associated with mortality in trauma patients. It
is not known if lactate clearance is predictive of death in a broad cohort of trauma patients …

Background Our aim was to examine whether serial blood lactate levels could be used as
predictors of outcome. Methods We prospectively studied 44 high-risk, hemodynamically …

Objectives: The purpose was to define which clinical conditions warrant delay of definitive
fixation for pelvis, femur, acetabulum, and spine fractures. A model was developed to predict …

Introduction A limitation of pre-hospital monitoring is that vital signs often do not change until
a patient is in a critical stage. Blood lactate levels are suggested as a more sensitive …

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that occult hypoperfusion (OH) is associated with
infectious episodes in major trauma patients. Methods: Data were collected prospectively on …

Evidence is increasing that oxygen debt and its metabolic correlates are important
quantifiers of the severity of hemorrhagic and post-traumatic shock and and may serve as …

Background: Lactate is associated with morbidity and mortality; however, the value of
prehospital lactate (pLA) is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether pLA improves …