Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two
distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the …

Biomaterial wound dressings, such as hydrogels, interact with host cells to regulate tissue
repair. This study investigates how crosslinking of gelatin-based hydrogels influences …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a significant impact on global mortality
rates, encompassing conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis …

Responding to tissue injury, skeletal muscles undergo the tissue destruction and
reconstruction accompanied with inflammation. The immune system recognizes the …

Wound healing in cases of excessive inflammation poses a significant challenge due to
compromised neovascularization. Here, we propose a multi-functional composite hydrogel …

Microglia activation drives the pro-inflammatory activity in the early stages of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). However, the mechanistic basis is elusive, and the hypothesis of targeting …

Chronic wounds cannot proceed through the normal, orderly, and timely sequence of repair.
The adverse cycle between excess reactive oxide species (ROS) and a persistent …

The innate immune response represents the first-line of defense against invading
pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been …

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has been deemed a global crisis that affects
humans worldwide. Novel anti-infection strategies are desperately needed because of the …