Much of the central nervous system is involved in visuomotor transformations for goal-
directed gaze and reach movements. These transformations are often described in terms of …

The vestibular system helps maintain equilibrium and clear vision through reflexes, but it
also contributes to spatial perception. In recent years, research in the vestibular field has …

Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a neuro-otological finding frequently encountered by
clinicians dealing with patients with vertigo. Since DBN is a finding that should be …

Spatial updating is the means by which we keep track of the locations of objects in space
even as we move. Four decades of research have shown that humans and non-human …

The success of the human species in interacting with the environment depends on the ability
to maintain spatial stability despite the continuous changes in sensory and motor inputs …

On the basis of reports by patients with downbeat nystagmus (DBN) that their symptoms
were worse during the morning but better during the daytime, we investigated whether the …

The present paper aims at critically reviewing the most outstanding and recent studies
regarding the control of body orientation in the vertical space. A first part defines the general …

Spatial updating, the ability to track the egocentric position of surrounding objects during self-
motion, is fundamental to navigating around the world. However, people make systematic …

Despite the constantly changing retinal image due to eye, head, and body movements, we
are able to maintain a stable representation of the visual environment. Various studies on …

Recent studies have shown that many neurons in the primate dorsal medial superior
temporal area (MSTd) show spatial tuning during inertial motion and that these responses …