Migraine affects more than one billion individuals each year across the world, and is one of
the most common neurologic disorders, with a high prevalence and morbidity, especially …

Women are at twice the risk for anxiety and depression disorders as men are, although the
underlying biological factors and mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we …

Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In
current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the …

Abstract Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression is a biologically plausible, multi-
level theory that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that …

Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses
affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most …

Stuttering occurs in early childhood during a dynamic phase of brain and behavioral
development. The latest studies examining children at ages close to this critical …

Abstract Purpose of Review Neurodevelopmental disorders disproportionately affect males.
The mechanisms underlying male vulnerability or female protection are not known and …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of distress, disability, and suicides. As
per the latest WHO report, MDD affects more than 260 million people worldwide. Despite …

Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by relatively early onset, with temporal
variations across conditions. These lifelong conditions lead to social and communication …

It is now clearly established that complex interactions between genes and environment are
involved in multiple aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, from determining an individual's …